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Sgian Dubh
The name of Fleming derives from the French 'le Fleming', describing the Flemish people of what are now Belgium and Holland. As merchants, the Flemish traded with england Scotland and Wales during the twelfth century. Baldwin, a recognised Flemish leader, settled in Biggar in Lanarkshire with a grant from David I, and he became sheriff of Lanark under Malcolm IV and William the Lion. Nine Flemings signed the Ragman Roll of 1296 in which they, along with many Scottish nobles, pledged their allegiance to King Edward I of England. However one of these, Sir Robert Fleming, was among the first to join Robert the Bruce and help him follwing the death of Comyn at Dumfries in 1306. Sir Malcolm Fleming of Cumbernauld was made Earl of Wigton in 1342 by David II for helping to preserve his safety from Edward Balliol and the English. However, his grandson, Thomas Fleming sold the earldom to Archibald Douglas, Lord of Galloway in 1371, this was confirmed by Robert II. Sir Malcolm Fleming of Biggar and Cumbernauld was knighted by Robert III, and offered himself as hostage for the release of James I from the English in 1423. He is listed as having been invited to Edinburgh Castle on the invitation of Governor Livingstone and Chancellor Crichton in 1440. He, his good friend William sixth Earl of Douglas, and Douglas' brother David were summarily arrested, tried and beheaded. Malcolm's son Sir Robert had the lands, which his father's death had forfeited, returned to him by James II, when is was decided that Malcolm had 'died at the faith and peace of His Majesty'. By 1460, Sir Robert had been made a Lord of Parliament. His grandson John, second Lord Fleming was made a guardian of the infant king James V in 1515, and became Chancellor of Scotland in 1517. John was assassinated in on November 1 1524 whilst out hawking. Malcolm, Third Lord Fleming, became Great Chamberlain of Scotland, and married Jane Stewart, daughter of James IV. He was killed in battle at Pinkie in 1547. The fourth Lord Fleming accompanied Queen Mary to France in 1548 to marry the heir to the throne, and, as Great Chamberlain of Scotland, was one of eight commissioners to the royal wedding in 1558. On the return journey, he was among a number taken ill at Dieppe, presumed poisoned, three of the party died immediately, Fleming lasted another another fortnight, and finally died in Paris. The sixth Lord Fleming, John, re-assumed the title of Earl of Wigton in 1606. As a Jacobite he attended James VII after the Revolution of 1688, and opposed the Treaty of Union, rejecting every article in the Parliament of 1706. At the Jacobite rising of 1715 he was arrested by the Governor of Edinburgh Castle. His sucessor to the title, his borther Charles Fleming, died in 1747, leaving the title dormant. Sir Alexander Fleming is attributed with the discovery of penicillin. |
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